Bodleian Libraries

The Bodleian Libraries of the University of Oxford form the largest university library system in the United Kingdom. They include the principal University library-the Bodleian Library-which has been a library of legal deposit for 400 years; major research libraries; and libraries attached to faculties, departments and other institutions of the University. The combined library collections number more than 11 million printed items, in addition to 30,000 e-journals and vast quantities of materials in other formats. The Old Bodleian is also a major visitor attraction, drawing over 300,000 visitors a year. More information about the Bodleian Libraries and their activities can be found at http://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/

Bodleian Libraries

Series in this collection

All episodes

Title	Description	People	Date
Peter Cook	Georgina Ferry interviews Peter Cook as part of the	Georgina Ferry, Peter Cook	6 March, 2018
History of Art - The De Spira Brothers vrs. Nicolaus Jenson, 1469-1472: A Rivalry Traced through Hand-illuminated Copies of their Editions	Professor Lilian Armstrong (Wellesley College) gives a talk for the History of the Book seminar series on 2nd March 2018.	Lilian Armstrong	6 March, 2018
Trade - Merchants' books of Venice and Florence	Dr Irene Ceccherini (Lyell-Bodleian Research Fellow in Manuscript Studies, Bodleian Library, Dilts Research Fellow in Palaeography, Lincoln College, University of Oxford) gives a talk for the Seminar in the History of the Book on 9th February 2017.	Irene Ceccherini	23 February, 2018
Early Modern Publishing Policies - Andreas Frisius of Amsterdam and the search for a niche market, 1664-75	Professor Ian Maclean (All Souls College), gives the third seminar in the History of the Book series, looking at the early modern period publishing policies in Europe on February 2nd, 2018.	Ian Maclean	23 February, 2018
Arabic - Scrolls into codices: Jilyani's picture-poems for Saladin	Professor Julia Bray (Laudian Professor of Arabic, University of Oxford) gives a talk for the new series for the Centre for the Study of the Book.	Julia Bray	23 February, 2018
Numismatics - Coins, Money and Prices in Renaissance Italy	Dr Alan Stahl (Curator of Numismatics, Princeton University) gives a talk in the new Centre for the Study of the Book Seminar series.	Alan Stahl	23 February, 2018
Curating the exhibition 'Designing English'	Daniel Wakelin talks about the concept behind the exhibition 'Designing English: Graphics on the Medieval Page' in the Weston Library, Oxford, and about the thrill of working with original material from the Bodleian collection at Oxford Medieval Studies.	Daniel Wakelin, Henrike Lähnemann	23 February, 2018
Does love have a scent?	Love is in the air - or is it? Companies are advertising that they can find you love through the power of scent! But are pheromones a chemical way to find your true love? Or is it just a myth?	Tristram Wyatt	6 February, 2018
Teach us how we may pray	AElfric of Eynsham teaches the congregation to recite the Lord’s Prayer in English, 'Thu ure faeder'. MS. Hatton 115, fol. 10r. Composed 990-995, copied in the second half of the 1000s. Read by Andy Orchard.	Andy Orchard	16 January, 2018
Come and dance with me in Ireland	The lyrics of dance songs about love and longing, jotted down without music. MS. Rawl. D. 913, fol. 1r-v. Copied in the early 1300s. Read by Helen Appleton, Daniel Wakelin.	Helen Appleton, Daniel Wakelin	16 January, 2018
If it be played	In the play The Burial of Christ, Joseph, Mary Magdalen and three other women cry out when they see Jesus on the Cross. MS. e Musaeo 160, fol. 141r. Copied c. 1518–1520. Read by Helen Appleton, Angela O'Brien, Daniel Sawyer, Wing Tan Lai.	Helen Appleton, Angela O'Brien, Daniel Sawyer, Wing Tan Lai	16 January, 2018
First entereth Wisdom	In the play Wisdom, the devil tempts three godly people into sins – lust and other ‘French fashions’. MS. Digby 133, fol. 158r. Copied in the late 1400s. Read by Arka Chakraborty, Matthew Day, Ben Sims, Daniel Sawyer.	Arka Chakraborty, Matthew Day, Ben Sims, Daniel Sawyer	16 January, 2018
Listeneth now and beth not deaf!	A travelling preacher recites a poem, warning about the horrors of death. MS. Add. E. 6 (R). Copied in the late 1200s. Read by Daniel Wakelin.	Daniel Wakelin	16 January, 2018
‘Make we joy now in this feast’	A carol for Christmas, ‘Nowell nowell nowell’, from a book of church music. MS. Arch. Selden B. 26, fol. 14v. Copied in the mid 1400s.	Henrike Lähnemann	20 December, 2017
Printing a Line at the Bodleian Weston Library Printing Press	This one-off print comprised text and drawing by artist and writer Tamarin Norwood, concluding her year-long residency at Spike Island Bristol,	Tamarin Norwood	13 December, 2017
Making Third Stream Books in the Post-digital Age	Russell Maret talks about the development of the primary themes of his artist's books - alphabet design, colour printing, and geometric form, also the influences of history and technology on his methods and subject matter.	Russell Maret	8 December, 2017
Researching the Impeachment and Trial of Robert Harley, Earl of Oxford	Visiting fellow, Dr Robin Eagles of the History of Parliament Trust discusses his research into Robert Harley, Earl of Oxford	Robin Eagles	10 November, 2017
Tanakh and textuality	Visiting researcher Dr Rachel Wamsley discusses the renowned Oppenheimer Collection, whose holdings shed light on the printing house as a site of cultural and literary encounter between Jews and Christians in early modern Europe.	Rachel Wamsley	15 September, 2017
Marconi and media history	Dr Noah Arceneaux, Associate Professor, School of Journalism and Media Studies, San Diego State University, Byrne-Bussey Marconi Visiting Fellow 2016-17, Bodleian Library, talks about the history of wireless broadcasting and the Bodleian Marconi Archive.	Noah Arceneaux	14 September, 2017
Sendbrief vom Dolmetschen	Relay Reading for the Launch of the Taylorian Pamphlet Series.	Henrike Lähnemann, Howard Jones, Emma Huber	31 May, 2017
A life in politics: Lord Heseltine in conversation with Lord Hennessy	Michael Heseltine discusses his political career with Peter Hennessy.	Michael Heseltine, Peter Hennessy, Richard Ovenden	21 March, 2017
Nicholas Crouch's seventeenth-century books	Professor Adam Smyth talks to cataloguer Lucy Kelsall and book conservator Nikki Tomkins about the seventeenth-century library of Nicholas Crouch, now in Balliol College, and how to deal with fragile books.	Adam Smyth, Lucy Kelsall, Nikki Tomkins	13 March, 2017
Law: Printing the Corpus iuris civilis in the Sixteenth Century	Professor Rodolfo Savelli, Dipartimento di Giurisprudenza, Università di Genova, gives a talk for the 15th Century Booktrade series on 10th March 2017.	Rodolfo Savelli	13 March, 2017
Theology: The Gutenberg Bible in the Context of Fifteenth-Century Manuscript Bibles	Dr Paul Needham, Scheide Library, Princeton University Library gives a talk for the 15th Century Booktrade series on 3rd March 2017.	Paul Needham	6 March, 2017
Manuscript Studies: Greek Script and Type in the Fifteenth century. Demetrius Damilas between Milan and Florence	Nigel Wilson, fellow of Lincoln College, reads a lecture written by Dr David Speranzi, Firenze, Istituto Nazionale di Studi sul Rinascimento. Dr Speranzi was unable to attend the recording of this lecture so Nigel Wilson read in his absence.	David Speranzi, Nigel Wilson	28 February, 2017
Economics: The Price of Books in Early Modern Europe: An Economic Perspective	Dr Jeremiah Dittmar, Department of Economics, London School of Economics, gives a talk on 10th February 2017.	Jeremiah Dittmar	22 February, 2017
Classics: Incunabular Stemmatics,	Professor Stephen Oakley, Faculty of Classics, Cambridge University, gives a talk for the 15th Century Booktrade series on 3rd February 2017.	Stephen Oakley	22 February, 2017
The Italian Trade with the Frankfurt Book Fair around 1600	The History of the Book and Cultural History with Professor Ian Maclean, All Souls College, Oxford on 20th January 2017.	Ian Maclean	25 January, 2017
Rumi: his life, work, and poetry	Dr Zahra Taheri, Bahari Visiting Fellow in the Persian Arts of the Book, speaks about Rumi's life, mystical teaching, doctrine, and poetry. With Music by Dr Peyman Heydarian.	Zahra Taheri, Peyman Heydarian, Fitzroy Morrissey	24 January, 2017
Staging History: favourite objects and concluding thoughts	The series concludes with each of the contributors discussing an object that particularly stands out for them from the exhibition items and what it reveals about staging history in this period.	Michael Burden, David Kennerley, Susan Valladares	14 December, 2016
History on stage	In this episode, the contributors discuss why history so frequently featured on stage in this period, and the significance of the historical events that these dramas staged for contemporary audiences.	Michael Burden, David Kennerley, Susan Valladares	14 December, 2016
Experiencing the late Georgian theatre	This episode explores what it was like to experience theatre in this era, including how theatres were laid out and designed, what it was like to be in the audience, and how plays were written, advertised and staged.	Michael Burden, David Kennerley, Susan Valladares	14 December, 2016
Theatre in the ‘Long Regency’ era	This episode gives a brief introduction to the history of this period, beginning with the American War of Independence and culminating in the early years of the reign of Queen Victoria.	Michael Burden, David Kennerley, Susan Valladares	14 December, 2016
Research business and the shortwave beam: Marconi and the uses of wireless in postwar years	Giovanni Paoloni discusses the influence of the development of the shortwave beam technology on Marconi and the Marconi Company	Giovanni Paoloni	3 November, 2016
Marconi's early Latin projects over the South-Atlantic	Ines Queiroz explores how technical constraints have shaped strategies for wireless networks development	Inês Queiroz	3 November, 2016
Performing Shakespeare: then and now	Jonathan Lloyd and Tiffany Stern, discuss performing Shakespeare in the past and now	Jonathan Lloyd, Tiffany Stern	2 November, 2016
Shakespeare and the Victorians	Robert Douglas-Fairhurst, Professor of English Literature, Oxford, gives a talk for Shakespeare Oxford 2016 series.	Robert Douglas-Fairhurst	19 October, 2016
Modelos cursivos y aprendizaje de la escritura en la Corona de Castilla en el siglo XV (in Spanish)	Carmen del Camino (Seville), gives a talk The unskilled scribe: Elementary hands and their place in the history of handwriting, a seminar held on 30th September 2016.	Carmen del Camino	14 October, 2016
Scritture umanistiche elementari (in Italian)	Teresa De Robertis (Florence), gives a talk for The unskilled scribe: Elementary hands and their place in the history of handwriting, a seminar held on 30th September 2016.	Teresa De Robertis	14 October, 2016
Hands turned to stone: some unconventional attempts at inscriptional lettering	Marc Smith (Paris), gives a talk for The unskilled scribe: Elementary hands and their place in the history of handwriting, a seminar held on 30th September 2016.	Marc Smith	14 October, 2016
Introduction to the unskilled scribe	Irene Ceccherini (Oxford) gives a talk for the unskilled scribe: Elementary hands and their place in the history of handwriting, a seminar held on 30th September 2016.	Irene Ceccherini	14 October, 2016
Elementary cursive handwriting in English and Scottish Charters, 1150-1250	Teresa Webber (Cambridge), gives a talk in the the unskilled scribe: Elementary hands and their place in the history of handwriting, held on September 30th 2016.	Teresa Webber	14 October, 2016
The Paratexts of Conrad Gessner	Professor Ann Blair on the uses of dedication and the multifarious paratexts of the early modern naturalist and bibliographer Conrad Gessner (1516-65)	Dennis Duncan, Ann Blair	3 August, 2016
Elite Folktales: An Exquisite Sixteenth-Century Persian Illustrated Manuscript in the Bodleian Library's Ouseley Collection	A conversation with Dr Nasrin Askari, Bahari Visiting Fellow in the Persian Arts of the Book 2016 and Alasdair Watson, Bahari Curator of Persian Collections, Bodleian Library	Nasrin Askari, Alasdair Watson	2 August, 2016
Launch of the 15th Century Booktrade	Cristina Dondi and her colleagues launch the 15th Century Booktrade.	Cristina Dondi, Kristian Jensen, Geri Della Rocca de Candal, Simon Walton, Richard Sharpe, Maria Alessandra Panzanelli Fratoni, Karen Limper-Herz, Matilde Malaspina, Yujie Zhong	21 July, 2016
Brown's landscapes in the twenty-first century	Join the head gardeners of Stowe and Compton Verney to explore the challenges, changes and rewards of protecting and preserving Capability Brown's landscapes in his tercentenary year.	Barry Smith, Gary Webb	21 July, 2016
Modernist Marginalia	Dr Amanda Golden discusses the notes and underlinings that writers like Virginia Woolf and Sylvia Plath made in their books.	Dennis Duncan, Amanda Golden	13 July, 2016
Elite Folktales: An Exquisite Sixteenth-Century Persian Illustrated Manuscript in the Bodleian Library’s Ouseley Collection	A conversation with Dr Nasrin Askari, Bahari Visiting Fellow in the Persian Arts of the Book 2016 & Alasdair Watson, Bahari Curator of Persian Collections, Bodleian Library	Nasrin Askari, Alasdair Watson	8 July, 2016
Life, death and astrology in Shakespeare's England	Lauren Kassell (Reader in the History of Science and Medicine, Cambridge) gives a talk for the Bodleian libraries.	Lauren Kassell	30 June, 2016
Eloquence vault mieulx que force	Vernacular Translations of Plutarch and Political Argument in Renaissance France	Rebecca Kingston	30 June, 2016
Modernist Prefaces	Dr Sarah Copland on how Modernist writers such as Henry James and Joseph Conrad used the form of the Preface as a key to their own work, as well as the work of others.	Dennis Duncan, Sarah Copland	6 June, 2016
Memorialising Shakespeare: The First Folio and other elegies	Emma Smith (Professor of English Literature, Oxford), gives a talk on Shakespeare memorials.	Emma Smith	2 June, 2016
"To the Reader" Epistles	Dr Meaghan Brown discusses the early modern To the Reader epistle, in which publishers directly addressed their buying public.	Dennis Duncan, Meaghan Brown	24 May, 2016
Venus and Adonis	Professor Katherine Duncan Jones, Senior Research Fellow, Somerville College, gives a talk on Shakespeare's poem, Venus and Adonis.	Katherine Duncan-Jones	20 May, 2016
Donne to Death	Peter McCullough, Professor of English, University of Oxford, gives a talk on John Donne.	Peter McCullough	13 May, 2016
Everyday death in Shakespeare's England	This podcast talks about accidental deaths and the hazards of everyday life in Shakespeare's day	Steven Gunn	5 May, 2016
The Magic of Shakespeare	This lecture will celebrate Shakespeare's immortality on the exact 400th anniversary of his burial. It will begin from Theseus' famous speech in A Midsummer Night's Dream about the magical, transformative power of poetry.	Jonathan Bate	3 May, 2016
Books for mind and community in 12th-century Oxford and Cirencester	In this talk Andrew Dunning (Royal Bank of Canada Foundation Fellow) traces the development of the work of Alexander Neckam, one of the earliest known lecturers in Oxford, through manuscripts housed at the Bodleian.	Andrew Dunning	4 April, 2016
Early Modern German Literature 1: Das Juttenspiel	Henrike Lähnemann on the Reformation publication of the ‘Juttenspiel’	Henrike Lähnemann	4 March, 2016
Early Modern German Literature 2: Judith plays	Henrike Lähnemann on the popularity of the Judith theme in Reformation drama	Henrike Lähnemann	4 March, 2016
Bible Translation in Germany	From Old High German via Martin Luther to Bibel in gerechter Sprache. A whistle stop tour of German Bible translation	Henrike Lähnemann, Howard Jones, Daniel Lloyd	3 March, 2016
1594: Shakespeare's most important year	In the summer of 1594 William Shakespeare decided to invest around 50 Pounds to become a shareholder in a newly formed acting company: Lord Chamberlain's Men. This lecture examines the consequences of this decision, unique in English theatrical history.	Bart van Es	2 March, 2016
A Great Unrecorded History. LGBT Heritage and World Cultures	Professor Parkinson discusses how to mobilise historical research into sexuality for maximum impact and the institutional, cultural and political issues that can be at stake, and suggests some of the possible uses of LGBTQ history.	Richard Parkinson	25 February, 2016
Website Reformation: Launching the website by Charlotte Schwarzer	Launch of the Reformation 2017 Website	Henrike Lähnemann, Charlotte Schwarzer	22 February, 2016
Website Reformation: The Reformation Music Project: Alex Lloyd, Tom Hammond-Davies, Harry Meehan	Launch of the Reformation 2017 Website	Henrike Lähnemann, Alex Lloyd, Tom Hammond-Davies, Harry Meehan	22 February, 2016
Website Reformation: The Website: Emma Huber	Launch of the Reformation 2017 Website	Henrike Lähnemann, Emma Huber	22 February, 2016
Website Reformation: Karlstadt pamphlets: Jennifer Bunselmeier	Launch of the Reformation 2017 Website	Henrike Lähnemann, Jennifer Bunselmeier	22 February, 2016
Website Reformation: Lustgarten der Seelen: Klaus Meyer	Launch of the Reformation 2017 Website	Henrike Lähnemann, Klaus Meyer	22 February, 2016
Website Reformation: Weissagung vom Papsttum: Kezia Fender	Launch of the Reformation 2017 Website	Henrike Lähnemann, Kezia Fender	22 February, 2016
Website Reformation: Hans Sachs’ Dialogue: Charlotte Hartmann	Launch of the Reformation 2017 Website	Henrike Lähnemann, Charlotte Hartmann	22 February, 2016
Website Reformation: De captivitate babylonica: Lucas Eigel	Launch of the Reformation 2017 Website	Henrike Lähnemann, Lucas Eigel	22 February, 2016
Website Reformation: Sendbrief vom Dolmetschen: Howard Jones	Launch of the Reformation 2017 Website	Henrike Lähnemann, Howard Jones	22 February, 2016
Website Reformation: Passional Christi & Antichristi: Ed Wareham	Launch of the Reformation 2017 Website	Henrike Lähnemann, Edward Wareham	22 February, 2016
The Prayer-Book of Abbess Odilia	Abbess Baerbel Goercke, Mariensee, delivers a talk for the Medingen Manuscripts Masterclass.	Bärbel Görcke	22 February, 2016
Musical Notation	Ulrike Hascher-Burger, Utrecht University, delivers a talk for the Medingen Manuscripts Masterclass.	Ulrike Hascher-Burger	22 February, 2016
The Incunable Traces	Alan Coates, Rare Books Assistant Librarian, Bodleain, delivers a talk for the Medingen Manuscripts Masterclass.	Alan Coates	22 February, 2016
Cistercian Punctuation	Nigel F. Palmer, Faculty of Medieval and Modern Languages, University of Oxford, delivers a talk for the Medingen Manuscripts Masterclass.	Nigel Palmer	22 February, 2016
Website Reformation: Introduction by Henrike Lähnemann	Launch of the Reformation 2017 Website	Henrike Lähnemann	19 February, 2016
The Plaque in the Psalter and the Bindings	Andrew Honey, Book Conservator (Research and Teaching), University of Oxford, delivers a talk for the Medingen Manuscripts Masterclass.	Andrew Honey	4 February, 2016
Masterclass: Medingen Manuscripts - Introduction	Introduction to the Masterclass by Professor Henrike Laehnemann, Chair of Medieval German Literature and Linguistics, University of Oxford.	Henrike Lähnemann	4 February, 2016
200 years of fun and games	Richard Ballam talks about the rich collections of games and pastimes he has recently donated to the Bodleian, the subject of the display Playing with History.	Richard Ballam	29 January, 2016
Session 4 - What has our experience taught us? Lesson for future policy	Michael Keating and Dr Randolf Kent (BAFUNCS members) give presentations on thier experiences at the UN. Followed by a discussion moderated by Sir Adam Roberts.	Sir Adam Roberts, Michael Keating, Randolf Kent	5 November, 2015
Session 3 - Delivering humanitarian aid while protecting human rights: The challenges for the UN of Impartiality, Access and Advocacy	Sir John Homes and Professor Mukesh Kapila (BAFUNCS members) give presentations on their experience of the UN and the challenges it has in conflict and disaster areas. Followed by a discussion moderated by Professor Guy Goodwin-Gill	Guy Goodwin-Gill, Sir John Holmes, Mukesh Kapila	5 November, 2015
Session 2 - Working with political and development actors: Where should UN humanitarians 'sit'?	Alan Doss and Nicola Dahrendorf (BAFUNCS members) give presentations on the UN working with political and development agencies across the world. Followed by discussion with David Hartland moderating.	Alan Doss, Nicola Dahrendorf, David Harland	5 November, 2015
Session 1 - Delivering Humanitarian Aid: Who does it best?	Angela Raven-Roberts and Lamees Hafeez, BAFUNCS members, give presentations on who they think deliver humanitarian aid best, the UN or charities. Followed by a discussion moderated by Michael Mosselmans.	Michael Mosselmans, Angela Raven-Roberts, Lamees Hafeez	5 November, 2015
Welcome and Introduction	Edward Mortimer, CMG, President of BAFUNCS (British Association of Former UN CIvil Servants) introduces the UN at 70: A Witness Seminar. Held in the Bodleian Library on 16th October 2015.	Edward Mortimer	5 November, 2015
In Pursuit of Beauty: Modern Guides to the Hair, Face, and Body, 1784-1933	Dr Jessica Clark discusses Victorian beauty practices with items from the Bodleian Libraries Special Collections.	Jessica Clark	13 October, 2015
The Future of Research Libraries	A talk delivered by Andrew Green at the Anybook Oxford Libraries Conference 2015 - Adapting for the Future: Developing Our Professions and Services, 21st July 2015.	Andrew Green	15 September, 2015
Leadership and Embedding a Culture of Innovation at the University of Manchester	A talk delivered by Jan Wilkinson at the Anybook Oxford Libraries Conference 2015 - Adapting for the Future: Developing Our Professions and Services, 21st July 2015.	Jan Wilkinson	15 September, 2015
The State of the Archives in the UK and the Challenges Ahead	A talk delivered by Clem Brohier at the Anybook Oxford Libraries Conference 2015 - Adapting for the Future: Developing Our Professions and Services, 21st July 2015.	Clem Brohier	15 September, 2015
Evidence-Based Decision Making for Collection Management	A talk delivered by Paul Cavanagh and James Kay at the Anybook Oxford Libraries Conference 2015 - Adapting for the Future: Developing Our Professions and Services, 21st July 2015.	Paul Cavanagh, James Kay	15 September, 2015
Malone's Chronologizing of Aubrey's Lives (putt in writing... tumultuarily)	Keynote lecture by Margreta de Grazia, (Emerita Sheli Z. and Burton X. Rosenberg Professor of the Humanities, University of Pennsylvania) for the Marginal Malone conference held in Oxford on June 26th, 2015.	Margreta de Grazia	4 August, 2015
Distinguishing Marks of Genius	What do geniuses have in common, across the arts and sciences? And how do we distinguish genius from talent? Andrew Robinson, author of Genius: A Very Short Introduction, considers (a little of) the evidence.	Andrew Robinson	15 July, 2015
Pieces of the jigsaw: history through the John Johnson Collection of Printed Ephemera	A lunchtime lecture by Julie-Anne Lambert accompanying the exhibition Marks of Genius: Masterpieces from the Collections of the Bodleian Libraries.	Julie-Anne Lambert	10 July, 2015
The Savile Library	Lunchtime lecture by Will Poole accompanying the exhibition Marks of Genius: Masterpieces from the Collections of the Bodleian Libraries.	Will Poole	9 July, 2015
Painted by numbers: decoding Ferdinand Bauer's Flora Graeca colour code	Lunchtime lecture by Richard Mulholland accompanying the exhibition Marks of Genius: Masterpieces from the Collections of the Bodleian Libraries.	Richard Mullholland	9 July, 2015
Mr Douce steps into the nursery and lingers...	A lunchtime lecture by Clive Hurst accompanying the exhibition Marks of Genius: Masterpieces from the Collections of the Bodleian Libraries.	Clive Hurst	9 July, 2015
Beauty and the Victorians	'Buying beauty in the Victorian period' Dr Jessica Clark looks at the Victorian beauty industry, and the transition from disapproval of artifice to a celebration of the wonders of cosmetics.	Jess Clark	9 July, 2015
Marks on canvas, stone, wood and paper: the Genius of the Bodleian Portrait Collection	Dana Josephson gives a talk for the Marks of Genius Masterpieces from the Collections of the Bodleian Libraries series.	Dana Josephson	8 July, 2015
Missionaries and Religious Print Culture in Canada	Bibles and religious literature were an integral part of Canadian society and culture between 1830 and 1900.	Stuart Barnard	8 July, 2015

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